What SQL coding standard do you follow?

sql

best-practices

sql-optimization

database-security

byAlex Kataev·Jan 27, 2025

For optimal SQL productivity, adhere to a set of coding norms. Use clear table aliases and capitalize SQL keywords for better readability. Have a systematic approach to naming your objects; tables as 't', views as 'vw', and stored procedures with 'proc'. Watch out for "sp_", lest you confuse your procedures with system ones.

In the naming convention, remember, less is more. Singular table names can save you from a world of confusion. Give each SQL keyword its personal space, i.e., a new line, plus some indentation for easy debugging. If it’s a table prefix you are thinking of, unless you are organizing by schema, forget it! And restrain your commas to after the columns; it gives your column lists a neat look. Writing SQL is similar to crafting a sonnet - every clause needs its space and clarity.

-- Get me a list of active users, or else!
SELECT u.UserID, u.FirstName, u.LastName
FROM dbo.Users AS u
WHERE u.IsActive = 1
ORDER BY u.LastName ASC;

The StoredProcedure Land has its own rules. Use SET NOCOUNT ON to keep things breezy, and identify your procedures with 'SEL' for select, 'UPD' for update, etc. For good code management, group your objects logically and give them meaningful prefixes.

Mastering the art of writing beautiful, high performing SQL code involves recognizing the right blend of readability, performance, and standards.

Coding standards in SQL for better readability and maintenance

Effective naming strategy for aliases and prefixes

When giving aliases to tables or views, choose abbreviations that speak for themselves. For example, 'cust' for Customers or 'ord' for Orders. This improves readability particularly when handling multiple tables and joins.

Ensure SQL keyword capitalization and formatted spacing

Having SQL reserved words capitalized such as SELECT, FROM, and WHERE makes them distinct and helps in reading the query more efficiently. Organize the query layout consistently with the main parts of the query on separate lines, this aids with readability, especially with longer codes.

Navigating the NULL terrain

Navigating NULLs in a SQL database is often tricky. Use the COALESCE function for providing a fallback value when NULLs potentially exist, this helps avoid sudden exceptions.

-- NULL handling like a boss
SELECT COALESCE(ColName, 'Default Value')
FROM dbo.Table;

Structure your code for superior performance and easy debugging

When building your procedures, follow these rules. Organize and start your procedures with 'proc', and denote appropriately by their task. Incorporate tried and tested optimization techniques such as appropriate use of indexes and joins. Additionally, for easy debugging, have every clause on a separate line. This setup aids in locating and fixing problems quickly.

Comprehensive guide to efficient and readable SQL

Simplify complex queries for greater clarity

Simplify complex queries using Common Table Expressions (CTEs) or subqueries. This not only makes the queries easier to read and understand but can also help improve query performance.

-- Who said simplifying SQL was hard?
WITH OrderedCustomers AS (
    SELECT CustomerID, FirstName, LastName
    FROM Customers
    WHERE Country = 'Germany'
)
SELECT *
FROM OrderedCustomers
ORDER BY LastName ASC;

Secure your queries

Security should be a top priority. Use parameterized queries to close down on SQL injection attacks, and steer clear from user inputs concatenated directly into SQL statements.

History matters! Use Version Control

Version control is essential. Keep track of changes, this creates historical records and helps in maintaining code efficiency. Plan for the future of your database scheme and procedures and build with sustainability in mind.

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