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What are the most common Python docstring formats?

python
docstring
python-8
type-hinting
Anton ShumikhinbyAnton Shumikhin·Sep 21, 2024
TLDR

Revolving in the Python docstring universe are three popular formats: reStructuredText (reST) for Sphinx compatibility, Google for readability, and NumPy/SciPy for detailed discussions. Opt for reST if the gravitational pull is towards formal documentation, Google for smoother orbit around readability, and NumPy for precision in relaying scientific revelation. Example in Google style:

def calc_area(width, height): """Erects the constructing blueprint for our rectangular battleground. Parameters: width (float): The horizontal extent of the rectangle. The 'dachshund' of dimensions. height (float): The vertical stretch. Or as laymen say, the 'giraffe' of dimensions. Returns: float: The battleground's area. Who knew Math could be so brutal? """ return width * height # Spoiler: It's a multiplication party!

Always prioritize consistency in your docstring style throughout your codebase, along with clear indentation and spacing. The inclusion of type information in a context-specific manner can result in bonuses like error prevention and robust code health.

Docstring adoption: getting comfortable in a project

Venturing into a new Python project might make you feel like an alien, but blending in is simple: obey the prevailing docstring format. Scout the project's guidelines or previous commits to identify the dominant docstring style and align accordingly.

Docstring generation: a tale of automation

Here's a lifehack for you: use tools like Pyment to automate docstring creation and perform magic called conversion between formats. Just like parents doing half their kid's school project, Pyment will set the stage—it's on you to fill in the "creative" details.

Docstring strategy: one 'return' ticket to effective code documentation

Just as brevity is the soul of wit, a well-written docstring swiftly conveys a code snippet's purpose and usage. For heavyweights like classes or modules though, be ready to sport a more detailed hat.

Type Information: because errors are no fun

Type information in docstrings acts like a finicky bouncer at a club—not everyone gets in, which is good for maintaining the peace (aka code robustness). Python's type hinting definitely helps, but docstring types spill the tea on juicy details about your code.

Docstring Wars: Google vs. NumPy

The battle between Google-style and NumPy-style docstrings rages on. While the Google faction emphasizes readability, the NumPy legion dissects their code with a surgical precision, especially useful in scientific coding.

Fortune-telling with docstrings

Ever wished to predict how your code will be used? A crystal ball wouldn't hurt, but a couple of practical examples within your docstring might do the trick. This, along with illuminating best practices, can save many a newcomer from tripping up on a loose end of your code.

Sphinx and the docstring riddle

Fear not the riddle of docstrings, for Sphinx is here. And with allies like Napoleon, it deciphers various docstring formats. Sphinx and Read the Docs are a match made in heaven, making your documentation fully accessible, search-friendly, and navigable.