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Html Canvas Full Screen

html
responsive-design
performance
best-practices
Nikita BarsukovbyNikita Barsukov·Feb 23, 2025
TLDR

To achieve a full-screen HTML canvas responsively, set its width and height by using the window.innerWidth and window.innerHeight. Use CSS to position the canvas and remove margins, ensuring it covers the entire viewport:

const canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas'); // Oh, the power of inner dimensions canvas.width = window.innerWidth; canvas.height = window.innerHeight; window.onresize = () => { // Getting bigger or smaller? canvas.width = window.innerWidth; canvas.height = window.innerHeight; };

These lines of code make your canvas adjust dynamically and stay full-screen, even when the browser window is resized.

Optimizing performance: Let's talk about speed!

Scaling the canvas to full-screen can affect rendering performance. To smoothly handle redraws and optimize performance, apply the magical window.requestAnimationFrame:

function resizeCanvas() { canvas.width = window.innerWidth; canvas.height = window.innerHeight; } // Let's animate but not 'cause chaos function animate() { resizeCanvas(); // Your drawing logic here // Now you see me, now you don't window.requestAnimationFrame(animate); } animate();

Remember the golden rule: debounce your resize events to prevent potential performance breakdowns during rapid or frantic window size changes.

Preserving aspect ratio

While going full-screen, we have to maintain the aspect ratio and visual quality of the canvas content:

  1. Dynamically adapt content to the new dimensions.
  2. Redraw shapes and images with correct proportions.
  3. Modify interactive elements or particle system parameters as needed.

How? Handle your resizeCanvas function tactfully!

Fancy a truly immersive screen? Enter fullscreen API

The HTML5 Fullscreen API offers a deeper, video-like full-screen mode:

canvas.addEventListener('click', function() { // Click to go BIG! if (canvas.requestFullscreen) { canvas.requestFullscreen(); } else if (canvas.webkitRequestFullScreen) { // It's not you, it's just...Safari canvas.webkitRequestFullScreen(); } else if (canvas.mozRequestFullScreen) { // Because Firefox likes to be unique canvas.mozRequestFullScreen(); } });

Keeping cross-browser compatibility intact, you must account for these fullscreen API's browser-specific prefixes.

How to avoid full-screen pitfalls

Potential challenges when going full-screen include:

  1. Pixel Density: Cater to high pixel density devices using window.devicePixelRatio.
  2. Browser Quirks: Handle different browser-specific prefixes for the fullscreen API.
  3. Fullscreen Exit: Implement a way to exit fullscreen mode by listening for the fullscreenchange event.
  4. Aspect Ratio: Maintain the shape and visual dynamics despite the viewport changes to prevent distortion.

Always test across multiple browsers and device profiles to ensure a consistent experience for all users.