How to create new folder?

Checking existence before creation

It's a good idea to check if the folder exists before trying to create it. Use os.path.exists() to avoid repeating yourself or, in computing lingo, "D.R.Y":

import os

folder_path = 'new_folder'
if not os.path.exists(folder_path):  # Hey, are you there yet?
    os.makedirs(folder_path)
else:
    print(f"The omnipresent `{folder_path}` strikes again!")
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Adapting to changing paths

To enhance adaptability and portability, it's advisable to use variables for folder paths:

folder_name = 'my_unpredictable_folder'  # Will it be a cat or a dog folder this time?
folder_path = os.path.join('base_directory', folder_name)
os.makedirs(folder_path, exist_ok=True)
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Handling special characters in paths

For Windows paths or to ignore escape characters, use raw strings:

import os

# Watch out, backslashes ahead!
os.makedirs(r'C:\Users\YourName\new_folder')
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Here, the r prefix tells Python to treat the string literally, avoiding "backslashitis" 🏥.

Security through permissions

File permissions are key for security. Python's os.makedirs() respects default permissions, but you can set your own:

import os

# Hard hats on!
os.makedirs('secure_folder', mode=0o770)  # Read, write, execute for the owner and group
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Expecting the unexpected

Coding without error handling is like crossing the road with your eyes closed. Here's how you can prepare for potential pitfalls:

try:
    os.makedirs('new_folder')
except OSError as e:
    print(f"Error: {e} - Now, where did that squirrel hide my folder?")
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A simple try-except block that lets you catch errors, with a touch of humor.

Deep dive: creating nested directories

For deeply nested hierarchies, os.makedirs() can be your henchman, creating every missing intermediate-level folder:

os.makedirs('a/very/deep/path/to/new_folder', exist_ok=True)
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This creates all the folders in the path, leaving no stone (or folder) unturned.

Code reuse with functions

Reusability is the soul of good programming. Here's the process encapsulated in a function:

def create_folder(path):
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.makedirs(path)
    else:
        print(f"Folder `{path}` already exists, clever you!")
        
create_folder('new_successful_folder')  # Folder creation, at your service!
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Wrapping the logic in a function can be your "folder factory" for creating folders on demand.

Shifting to the new workspace

Once your new folder is ready, you might want to switch to it directly:

os.chdir('new_folder')  # Teleported to 'new_folder'!
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Calling os.chdir() lets you move into your new folder as swiftly as teleporting.