How to automatically generate N "distinct" colors?

java

color-generation

algorithms

web-development

byAlex Kataev·Aug 15, 2024

Let's skip to the desert — Java flavored. Using the HSB model in Java, you can create vibrant and distinct colors with the same saturation and brightness. Here is a simple, yet efficient way to generate a List<Color> of N distinct colors:

import java.awt.Color;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public List<Color> generateDistinctColors(int n) {
  // Comment: Because your app needs more colors than a unicorn on a rainbow!
    return IntStream.range(0, n)
                    .mapToObj(i -> Color.getHSBColor(i / (float) n, 0.7f, 0.8f))
                    // Comment: Fun fact, streams in Java hold no water.
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
}

Just generateDistinctColors(n) and get colors brighter than your boss's sweet neon tie. This code relies on Java 8 Streams, modern and efficient.

The art of varying colors

The basic strategy divides the hue spectrum evenly. But when N gets really big, or when the palettes lack pizzaz, you can bring in more variety by changing saturation and brightness. Enhanced contrast! Jazzy colorblind-friendly palettes! Optimal color distinction powered by research-driven algorithms! Bring in all those!

Exploring new spectrums

Life beyond the HSB model is exciting! RGB and HSL offer different and amazing effects. Adjusting lightness in HSL or combining RGB colors, you get distinct palettes using similar strategies modified for these models.

Pre-made color solutions

Laziness, they say, is the mother of invention. So, for a small N, use Boynton's list of 11 colors or Kelly's list of 22 colors. These are preset, bright, and diverse. Web developers, we've got you covered too — convert these to hex values using Java's color libraries.

Algorithms to rescue unique color generation

As N grows, distinct color generation can get tough. Algorithms like repulsion models can ensure our colors are distinct in every color space. Java and libraries like Apache Commons Math can help implement these algorithms. Think of it as training your colors to practice social distancing!

Leveling up with advanced color techniques

Color bias for custom clarity

Looking for a color palette that's not just distinct, but also aesthetically pleasing? Apply a bias function to RGB or HSV values. This makes linearly spaced colors appear visually equidistant. It's like taking a color selfie with a beauty filter.

The dynamic color set generation

Why settle for static when you can go dynamic? Reuse your color generating functions using Java's OOP. New colors at every request — just like ordering your favorite Java!

Color perception for life-like experiences

Dive into cultural color perceptions and human visual perception for an outstanding palette. Craft colors that are not only offbeat but also easy on the eye while conforming to accessibility standards.

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