How do I grant read access for a user to a database in SQL Server?

Windows authentication integration

To incorporate an existing Windows user into SQL Server, you would utilize its credentials to create a login:

-- Because typing another password is  just TOO much work, isn't it?
CREATE LOGIN [<DomainName>\<UserName>] FROM WINDOWS;
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This method uses Active Directory accounts to manage permissions, aiding the integration and compliance with security policies.

Understanding access granularity

Peeking into db_datareader

Even though the db_datareader role allows reading access across all tables, you can consider per-table permission for a more flexible and secure control:

-- Have a friend named Bob who gossips about data? Better CURB his access!
GRANT SELECT ON [TableName] TO [UserName]; 
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• Give limited access when needed using the GRANT SELECT command.
• Be mindful of data confidentiality, because honestly, nobody likes an oversharing Bob!
• Differentiate between viewing (just browsing, Bob!) and executing stored procedures.

Removing accidental access

Accidental or excessive permissions can lead to security threats. Regular review and audit of permissions are helpful to maintain a clean house—a "No Bobs allowed!" policy, if you wish.

Read access management tips

Tailoring access according to needs

Your requirements or policies may need:

-- Do you like to customize? We got you!
CREATE ROLE [role name] AUTHORIZATION [owner name]
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• Custom roles for individual data access.
• Application roles for encapsulation of access control.
• Row-level security for pixel-perfect permissions.

Automating permissions

Creating dynamic SQL scripts can streamline and automate permissions while allowing for audits and rollback:

-- Because remembering each command is harder than remembering birthdays!
CREATE PROCEDURE [YourProcedure] ...
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Taking care in production

Working on production databases? Ensure you follow:

-- 'coz we love *produc*ing brilliant code!
USE [ProductionDB]; 
GRANT SELECT TO [UserName]; 
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• Change management best practices to avoid production nightmares.
• Documentation for leaving a trace of your brilliance.
• Regular security audits to avoid becoming Bob the oversharing friend!