Do I need to close() both FileReader and BufferedReader?

Digging deeper: Why closing BufferedReader is enough

In Java's I/O operations, FileReader and BufferedReader cooperate like a well-oiled machine. Wrapping a FileReader in a BufferedReader enhances performance by gathering data in buffers, reducing expensive disk or network operations.

• Single responsibility rule: When you bundle a FileReader into a BufferedReader, the duty of managing the underlying FileReader stream closure is passed on to the BufferedReader.

• Friendly Closeable interface: Both BufferedReader and FileReader implement the Closeable interface, granting the behavior of close() method. Closing the BufferedReader cuts its connection to the FileReader too, like a boss. Gentleman's rule — clean up your mess!

Delving into the past: The good ol' days before Java 7

Before Java 7 dawned its brilliance, developers engaged in a mini-battle of writing extra code, closing both BufferedReader and FileReader in a finally clause, ensuring a clean exit:

BufferedReader br = null;
FileReader fr = null;
try {
    fr = new FileReader("file.txt");
    br = new BufferedReader(fr);
    // Use br, fr is on a vacation 🏝️
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    if (br != null) {
        try {
            br.close(); // BR says goodbye, and takes FR with him
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
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Hello try-with-resources: A modern approach from Java 7 onwards

Java 7 filled many hearts with joy by introducing the try-with-resources feature. No need to manually close your resources, no need to say goodbye()! Java 7 said, "Coding should be fun, let me handle the boring stuff".

This structure is a true warrior against resource leaks and leaves your code looking clean and classy, like a code in a tuxedo.

Controlling wild servlets: Managing servlet file handles

When dealing with servlets in web apps, you've to be Sherlock Holmes in resource management. Leaving file handles loose is like leaving your home's door open — it can lead to server meltdown! Thankfully, saying close() to the BufferedReader ensures no rogue file handles are lurking. Trust the BufferedReader; it's got your back!

The mean guys: Resource leaks and file descriptor exhaustion

A sneaky issue with not closing resources properly is running out of file descriptors. Every open file or network connection is a contend for a finite number of file descriptors. Mismanage your resources, and you'll hit the roof. It's like having a party with limited pizza — everyone wants a slice, but there's only so much to go around. Be a smart host; close your resources!

What if things go south: Handling exceptions

"Exceptions; making life harder since 1995" - Every Java Dev. Ever. What if a FileReader or BufferedReader causes an exception during initialization? Try-with-resources again saves the day!

try (
    FileReader fr = new FileReader("file.txt"); // If I fail, nothing to close here!
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr)  // If I fail, I'll shut FileReader down before I go!
) {
    // Employ br, it carries the weight of fr.
}
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Even if BufferedReader fails to initialize, FileReader closes, avoiding a lonely existence! If FileReader fails, it was never open, so nothing left to close. If that's not clean coding, I don't know what is.

Holding the fort: Legacy systems

While most of us enjoy the comforts of modern Java, few brave soldiers fight in the trenches of legacy systems. Here, reinforcement comes in the form of the Closeable interface! Remember, closing the outermost wrapper cascades the close() effect prerequisite to battle!

Aiming for robust code: Good practices

• Take finally seriously: Prior to Java 7, the finally clause wraps up resource closure within its cozy embrace.
• Nest your tries: Manage your resources' tantrums (exceptions) even from within the finally clause.
• Close resources in reverse order: Close the outermost wrapper first and it'll take the inner one with it.